Health care is one of the most important issues facing society today. How health care is provided and financed has wide-ranging impacts on people’s lives and wellbeing. Health care is also highly complex, with many competing interests, perspectives and values…
The Supreme Court plays a pivotal role shaping law and policy debates in American society. As the highest federal court, its rulings interpret the Constitution and statutes in ways that profoundly influence government powers, civil rights, commerce, technology, and criminal…
Meritocracy is an ideal that positions merit or talent as the primary basis for allocating rewards and status in society. The concept dates back centuries, but arose as a modern political theory in the late 1950s.[1] Meritocratic principles now shape…
Crime and punishment are complex issues that have been debated for centuries. How does a society determine what acts should be considered criminal? When someone commits a crime, who is morally responsible – the individual or society? What is the…
International law refers to the set of rules, norms, and standards that govern relations between states and other subjects of international law such as international organizations. It is a unique legal system that operates independently of national legal systems yet…
A major component of the militarization of policing in the United States and other countries is the proliferation of heavily armed SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactics) teams initially created for emergency situations like hostage crises or terrorist attacks. However, SWAT…
Abstract This paper examines the complex relationship between policing, citizenship, and inequality in modern democratic societies through a comparative perspective. It analyzes how policing practices, often rooted in colonialism, have created systems of social control that perpetuate racial, ethnic, and…
Modern democracies increasingly encompass diverse ethnic, religious, linguistic and cultural groups as a result of immigration, minority activism, and recognition of indigenous populations. Managing pluralism through law and policy raises complex issues around group rights, representation, citizenship, integration, and equality.…
Economic justice refers to the moral appropriateness of distributions of economic benefits and burdens across society. Conceptions of economic justice guide assessment of the fairness and ethical nature of economic systems and policy. But contrasting philosophical frameworks yield competing visions…
The abolish police movement represents a radical rethinking of modern law enforcement premised on its inherent ties to racism, violence, and oppression. Advocates argue that reform is inadequate and the institution of policing must be completely dismantled and replaced with…
The application of technology within criminal justice systems has expanded rapidly in recent decades across areas such as surveillance, data analytics, forensic science, and communications. Advocates argue emerging technologies enhance public safety, efficiency, and fairness in law enforcement and corrections.…
Constitutional law stands as one of the defining facets of the American legal system, encompassing the fundamental rules and principles governing power, rights and liberties in the United States. As Chief Justice John Marshall famously pronounced in Marbury v. Madison,…
